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Course Outline

RISC-V Architecture Fundamentals and Ecosystem Overview

RISC-V ISA Landscape and Industry Adoption

  • Open ISA philosophy and the RISC-V International standardization landscape
  • Mental Model of RISC-V: Load-Store Architecture, Register File, Byte Ordering
  • Comparison with ARM, x86, and POWER: Trade-offs for heterogeneous computing architectures
  • Ecosystem maturity assessment: SiFive, T-Head, Western Digital, and the growing open-source silicon community
  • Standardized interfaces: RISC-V Privileged ISA, Machine Software Abstraction Layer (MSBL)

Memory Models and ABI Compliance

  • Unprivileged Architecture specification: CSR map, exception handling, and memory hierarchies
  • RV32I / RV64I instruction sets and ABI compliance for cross-platform binary portability
  • Memory ordering conventions and barrier instructions for multiprocessor systems

RISC-V Assembly Programming and Compiler Toolchain

Low-Level Instruction Programming

  • Base integer instructions (I), Multiply/Divide (M), Atomic operations (A) extensions
  • Bitness-aware programming strategies for 32-bit and 64-bit RISC-V targets
  • Calling conventions and stack frame management for embedded and real-time software systems

Compiler Toolchain Proficiency

  • LLVM-based compiler toolchain: Clang, LLVM, Binutils for RISC-V cross-compilation
  • Linker scripts, sections, and memory layout configuration for bare-metal and RTOS environments
  • Compiler intrinsics, optimization levels, and profiling-driven code tuning
  • Open-source toolchain development workflows: building, testing, and packaging custom GCC/Clang toolchains

Embedded Systems Development and Real-Time Operating Systems

Bare-Metal and RTOS Programming

  • Rust systems programming for RISC-V: zero-cost abstractions, unsafe memory management, and bare-metal development
  • No-Std environments: custom linkers, device driver development, and memory-mapped I/O
  • Zephyr RTOS and Buildroot BSP development for RISC-V targets
  • Peripheral interfacing: GPIO, I2C, SPI, UART, and DMA controller programming

Power and Performance Optimization

  • Clock gating, power domain management, and low-power mode optimization
  • Cycle-accurate performance analysis with simulation profilers and hardware performance counters
  • Real-time interrupt latency tuning for safety-critical applications

Linux Kernel and Bootloader Development for RISC-V

Boot Firmware and Bootloader Ecosystem

  • OpenSBI (SBI specification implementation): bootloader firmware development
  • UEFI/EDK II on RISC-V: modern firmware boot stack development
  • Coreboot and U-Boot porting for RISC-V single-board computers

Linux Kernel Integration

  • RISC-V mainline kernel contributions: device tree overlays, CPU topology, and interrupt controller (AIA) driver development
  • Vendor BSP development and kernel configuration for custom SoC platforms
  • File system support, networking stack, and containerization support (Docker, Kubernetes) on RISC-V host systems

RISC-V SoC Design and FPGA Prototyping

Multicore SoC Architecture and Integration

  • Network-on-Chip (NoC) design methodologies for RISC-V multi-core processors
  • Axi4/CHI cache coherence and inter-processor communication protocols
  • Open-source IP integration: OpenCores, ChIPS Framework, and vendor RTL components
  • Bus matrix design and memory controller integration (DDR, SRAM, eMMC, PCIe)

FPGA-Based Processor Prototyping

  • FPGA synthesis and implementation of RISC-V core (e.g., BOOM, VexRiscv, PULP)
  • SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) and UVM-based functional verification methodology
  • Formal verification tools and property-based testing for RISC-V core validation

RISC-V Vector Extensions and Domain-Specific Acceleration

RVV (RISC-V Vector) Extension Deep Dive

  • Vector load/store, vector-fused multiply-add (VFMA), and matrix computation acceleration
  • Variable-length vector operations (VL, VLEN) for workload-optimized SIMD execution
  • Vector mask operations, segment control, and data type flexibility for DSP and ML workloads

Custom DSP and Domain-Specific Instruction Design

  • Designing domain-specific accelerators through custom extensions and CBAR-based operand interfaces
  • Compiler frontend modifications for custom instruction generation and code emission
  • Hardware-software partitioning strategies for accelerator integration in production SoCs

AI Acceleration and Edge Machine Learning on RISC-V

NPU Design and Integration for RISC-V Processors

  • Neural Processing Unit architecture: systolic arrays, tensor cores, and weight compression for on-chip AI acceleration
  • Model quantization techniques (INT8, INT4, FP8) for edge deployment on RISC-V
  • Framework compatibility: TensorFlow Lite Micro, ONNX Runtime, and PyTorch Edge on RISC-V targets

Heterogeneous Computing for AI Workloads

  • Co-design of RISC-V host CPU with AI accelerator NPU for real-time inference pipelines
  • Memory subsystem optimization: HBM/DDR bandwidth management for ML model weights and activations
  • Thermal and power budgeting for edge AI inference systems

Hardware Security and Confidential Computing on RISC-V

Physical Memory Protection and Trusted Execution

  • Physical Memory Protection (PMP) and Page Table walker security mechanisms
  • Secure Enclave/TEE architectures for RISC-V: OP-TEE integration, SEV-class trusted execution environments
  • Boot chain security: root of trust, secure boot, and measured launch attestation

Cryptographic Acceleration

  • RISC-V cryptographic extensions (Zk, Zkr, K extensions): SHA, AES, RSA, RSA-PSS, and ECC acceleration
  • Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) integration for next-generation RISC-V processors
  • Side-channel attack mitigation techniques: constant-time programming, masking, and hardware random number generators

Advanced Custom Architecture and ISA Extension Design

Domain-Specific Architecture and Custom Instruction Extensions

  • ISA extension design methodology: encoding, encoding tables, ABI impact analysis, and RISC-V International specification submission process
  • Custom register file design with CBAR (Custom Base Address Registers) for operand dispatch
  • Instruction pipelining, hazard detection, and pipeline modifications for custom extensions

Verification and Signoff of Custom Architecture Modifications

  • Testbench design for custom extensions: directed vs. constraint-random stimulus generation
  • Regression testing frameworks and coverage-driven verification for architectural modifications
  • Interoperability testing: ensuring custom instructions function within established ABI constraints

Safety-Critical and Automotive RISC-V Applications

Functional Safety and Automotive Standards Compliance

  • ISO 26262 functional safety compliance for RISC-V automotive processors
  • ASIL-Q classification and safety manual development for RISC-V silicon IP
  • Deterministic interrupt handling, lockstep core pairs, and memory protection for safety-critical RISC-V systems

Industrial Real-Time and Edge Computing Applications

  • IEC 61508 SIL compliance and deterministic scheduling on RISC-V multicore platforms
  • Industrial IoT gateway development with RISC-V: connectivity, edge analytics, and OTA firmware update systems

Capstone Project: End-to-End RISC-V System Development

Full Lifecycle Project

  • Architecture specification: ISA extensions and core configuration design for a defined use case
  • RTL implementation in SystemVerilog with UVM testbenches and formal verification coverage
  • FPGA prototyping, boot firmware development, and bare-metal driver stack integration
  • Linux BSP and toolchain customization for the custom RISC-V core
  • AI workload deployment: NPU integration, model quantization, and performance benchmarking
  • Security validation: PMP enforcement, secure boot, and cryptographic acceleration benchmarking
  • Technical architecture documentation, IP strategy analysis, and cross-functional team presentation
 21 Hours

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