OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control enforces policies ensuring users cannot act beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized data disclosure, modification or destruction, or performing business functions outside user limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These refer to breakdowns or compromises in the processes of building, distributing, or updating software. Such failures are often caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies relied upon by the system.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Modern CPUs now handle previous hurdles like performance and private key/certificate management via dedicated instructions (e.g., AES support) and simplified services like LetsEncrypt.org. Cloud vendors also offer tightly integrated certificate management. Beyond the transport layer, it is crucial to identify data requiring encryption at rest and additional protection in transit (application layer, OSI layer 7). Sensitive data such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets require extra protection, particularly under privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards like PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - This vulnerability allows attackers to insert malicious code or commands (e.g., SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields, tricking the system into executing them as if they were legitimate. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - This broad category represents weaknesses characterized by “missing or ineffective control design.” Insecure design is not the source of all other Top Ten risks. There is a distinct difference between insecure design and insecure implementation; they have different root causes, occur at different stages of development, and require different remediations. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects, whereas an insecure design cannot be fixed by perfect implementation because necessary security controls were never created to defend against specific attacks. A contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling during development, leading to an inability to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker can trick a system into accepting an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These relate to code and infrastructure failing to protect against invalid or untrusted code/data being treated as valid. For example, applications relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or CDNs. An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking software integrity checks can introduce unauthorized access risks, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example involves a CI/CD process pulling code or artifacts from untrusted places without verification (e.g., via signature checks).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches cannot be detected. Without alerting, responding quickly and effectively during a security incident is difficult. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting occur whenever these elements are lacking.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This happens when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This involves one or more failures: the application does not prevent the situation, does not identify it when occurring, and/or responds poorly or not at all afterward.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- We'll explore design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- We'll study strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, like multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early