OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users cannot act beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area often result in the unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the performance of business functions outside the user’s authorized limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - Security misconfiguration occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is configured incorrectly from a security standpoint, thereby creating vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures refer to breakdowns or compromises in the process of building, distributing, or updating software. They are frequently caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies that the system relies upon.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Previous challenges, such as CPU performance and private key/certificate management, are now mitigated by CPUs with instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and simplified private key and certificate management through services like LetsEncrypt.org, alongside major cloud vendors offering tightly integrated certificate management services for their platforms. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is crucial to identify data requiring encryption at rest and data needing additional encryption in transit at the application layer (OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets require extra protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations like the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a system flaw that allows an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields, tricking the system into executing them as if they were legitimate parts of the system. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category representing various weaknesses, described as “missing or ineffective control design.” It is not the source of all other Top Ten risk categories. Note the distinction between insecure design and insecure implementation; we differentiate between design flaws and implementation defects because they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediations. A secure design may still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be corrected by perfect implementation, as the necessary security controls were never created to defend against specific attacks. One factor contributing to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system being developed, leading to a failure to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker can trick a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - Software and data integrity failures involve code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. An example is an application relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, insecure or malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD pipeline that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or does not verify them before use (by checking signatures or similar mechanisms).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches cannot be detected, and without alerting, it is very difficult to respond quickly and effectively during a security incident. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting to initiate active responses is a critical issue.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - Mishandling exceptional conditions in software occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, and sometimes vulnerabilities. This can involve one or more of the following failings: the application does not prevent an unusual situation from occurring, it does not identify the situation as it happens, and/or it responds poorly or not at all after the situation occurs.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Study of strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues such as untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early