Oracle SQL for beginners Training Course

Relational database models

• The architecture of a relational database
• Types of table relationships
• Database normalization and denormalization
• Relational Operators

Retrieving data

• Guidelines for writing SQL queries
• SELECT syntax
• Selecting all columns
• Performing arithmetic operations in queries
• Column aliases
• Literals
• The concatenation operator

Filtering results

• The WHERE clause
• Comparison operators
• The LIKE condition
• The BETWEEN ... AND prerequisite
• The IS NULL condition
• The IN condition
• Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT
• Multiple conditions within the WHERE clause
• Operator precedence
• The DISTINCT clause

Sorting Data

• The ORDER BY clause
• Sorting by multiple columns or expressions

SQL functions

• Differences between single-line and multi-line functions
• Text, numeric, and date features
• Explicit and implicit conversion
• Conversion functions
• Nesting functions
• Viewing function performance via the dual table
• Retrieving the current date with the SYSDATE function
• Handling NULL values

Aggregating data using grouping

• Grouping functions
• How grouping functions handle NULL values
• Creating data groups with the GROUP BY clause
• Grouping multiple columns
• Limiting grouped results with the HAVING clause

Retrieving data from multiple tables

• Types of joins
• Using NATURAL JOIN
• Table aliases
• Joins specified in the WHERE clause
• INNER JOIN (Inner join)
• External Merges: LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL OUTER JOIN
• Cartesian product

Subqueries

• Placing subqueries in the SELECT command
• Single-row and multi-row subqueries
• Operators for single-row subqueries
• Grouping within subqueries
• Operators for multi-row subqueries: IN, ALL, ANY
• NULL value handling in subqueries

Set operators

• UNION operator
• UNION ALL operator
• INTERSECT operator
• MINUS operator

Inserting, updating, and deleting data

• INSERT command
• Copying data from another table
• UPDATE command
• DELETE command
• TRUNCATE command

Transactions

• COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT commands

DDL commands

• Primary database objects
• Object naming conventions
• Creating tables
• Available data types for columns
• The DEFAULT option
• NULL and NOT NULL options

Managing tables

• Referential integrity: CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE
• Creating a table from a query
• Dropping a table with DROP TABLE
• DESCRIBE command

Other schema objects

• Sequences
• Synonyms
• Views