Oracle SQL for beginners Training Course

Relational Database Models

• The structure of a relational database
• Table relationship types
• Database normalization and denormalization
• Relational operators

Data Retrieval

• Rules for writing SQL queries
• Syntax for the SELECT statement
• Selecting all columns
• Queries involving arithmetic operations
• Column aliases
• Literals
• Concatenation operator

Limiting Results

• The WHERE clause
• Comparison operators
• The LIKE condition
• The BETWEEN ... AND condition
• The IS NULL condition
• The IN condition
• Boolean operators: AND, OR, and NOT
• Combining multiple conditions in the WHERE clause
• Operator precedence
• The DISTINCT clause

Sorting Data

• The ORDER BY clause
• Sorting by multiple columns or expressions

SQL Functions

• Differences between single-row and multi-row functions
• Text, numeric, and date features
• Explicit and implicit conversion
• Conversion functions
• Nesting functions
• Evaluating function performance using the dual table
• The SYSDATE function to retrieve the current date
• Handling NULL values

Aggregating Data Using Grouping

• Aggregate functions
• How aggregate functions handle NULL values
• Creating data groups using the GROUP BY clause
• Grouping by multiple columns
• Restricting grouped function results using the HAVING clause

Retrieving Data from Multiple Tables

• Types of joins
• Using NATURAL JOIN
• Table aliases
• Joins within the WHERE clause
• INNER JOIN
• Outer joins: LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL OUTER JOIN
• Cartesian product

Subqueries

• Placing subqueries in the SELECT command
• Single-line and multi-row subqueries
• Operators for single-line subqueries
• Aggregate functions within subqueries
• Operators for multi-row subqueries: IN, ALL, ANY
• How NULL values are handled in subqueries

Set Operators

• UNION operator
• UNION ALL operator
• INTERSECT operator
• MINUS operator

Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data

• INSERT command
• Copying data from another table
• UPDATE command
• DELETE command
• TRUNCATE command

Transactions

• COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT commands

DDL Commands (Data Definition Language)

• Main database objects
• Naming conventions for objects
• Creating tables
• Available data types for columns
• The DEFAULT option
• NULL and NOT NULL options

Managing Tables

• Referential integrity: CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE
• Creating a table via query (CTAS)
• Dropping a table: DROP TABLE
• DESCRIBE command

Other Schema Objects

• Sequences
• Synonyms
• Views